swimming style

    * Breaststroke 蛙泳
    * Backstroke 仰泳
    * Butterfly 蝶泳
    * front crawl 自由泳
Recreational Styles

There are a large number of different recreational swimming styles. Some of them are swum on the breast, some on the back, and some on the side. Of course, all the competition strokes can be swum recreationally.
On the Breast

    * Front Crawl is the fastest swimming style.
          o Trudgen (also known as Trudgeon): The trudgen is similar to the front crawl, except it is swum with a scissor kick
          o Trudgen Crawl: Similar to the trudgen, but with a flutter kick between the scissor kicks
          o Double Trudgen: Similar to the trudgen, but the sides of the scissor kick alternate
          o Double Trudgen Crawl: Similar to the double trudgen, but with a flutter kick between the scissor kicks
          o Dolphin Crawl: Similar to front crawl, but with a dolphin kick. One kick per arm or two kicks per cycle. This style is often used in training.
          o Catch up stroke: A variation of the front crawl where one arm always rests at the front while the other arm performs one cycle.
    * Breaststroke
    * Heads-Up Breaststroke: Similar to the breaststroke, but the head stays out of the water. This style is very popular for recreational and swimmers and also for rescue swimmers approaching a victim.
    * Butterfly
    * Slow Butterfly (also known as Moth stroke): Similar to butterfly, but with an extended gliding phase, Breathing during the pull/push phase, return head into water during recovery. This style uses four kicks or more per cycle.
    * Dog Paddle: face over water and paddling alternatingly with the hands.
    * Human Stroke: Similar to the dog paddle, but the arms reach out more and pull farther down.
    * Survival Travel Stroke: Alternating underwater arm stroke, one cycle for propulsion, one for lift to stay on the surface. This style is slow but sustainable.
    * Snorkeling: Swimming on the breast using a snorkel, usually in combination with masks and fins. Any stroke on the breast can be used, and there is no need to lift or turn the head for breathing.

On the Back

    * Backstroke (also known as Back Crawl)
    * Elementary Backstroke: Both arms move synchronized with a small synchronized kick. This is also sometimes known as the Lifesaving Kick
    * Inverted Breaststroke: Similar to Elementary Backstroke, but with a breaststroke kick.
    * Inverted Butterfly: Similar to Elementary backstroke, but with a dolphin kick. This is often used for training.
    * Back Double Trudgen: Similar to the Backstroke, but with a scissor kick to alternating sides.
    * Flutter Back Finning: Symmetrically underwater arm recovery with flutter kick.
    * Feet First Swimming: A very slow stroke on the back where a breaststroke movement with the arms propels the body forward feet first. This is often used for training.

On the Side

    * Side Stroke: Lying on the side with alternating underwater recovery and a scissor kick
    * Overarm Sidestroke: Similar to the side stroke, but with a over water recovery of the top arm

Other

    * Corkscrew Swimming: Alternating between Front crawl and backstroke every arm. This leads to a constant rotation of the swimmer. The stroke is used mainly for training purposes
    * Underwater Swimming: any style with underwater recovery can be swum under water for certain distances depending on the need for air. Underwater swimming on the back has the additional possibility of water entering the nose. The swimmer can breathe out through the nose or wear a nose clip. Some swimmers can close their nostrils with the upper lip.
    * Gliding: The swimmer is stretched with the arms to the front, the head between the arms and the feet to the back. This streamlined shape minimizes resistance and allows the swimmer to glide, for example after a start, a push off from a wall, or to rest between strokes.
    * Turtle stroke: on the breast, extend right arm then pull, after pushing with the left leg (while opposite limbs are recovering), then opposite limbs repeat this process, i.e. left arm pulls after right leg pushes. Uses muscles of the waist. Head can easily be above or below water: this is a slow but very sustainable stroke, popular with turtles and newts.
from: http://www.wordiq.com/definition/List_of_swimming_styles

电影俚语

A
A Feather in sb.’s Cap 令某人引以为傲的成就、功绩或荣誉
A Fly in the Ointment 令人扫兴的人或事
A Horse of a Different Color 完全是另一回事，风马牛不相及
A Little Bird Told Me…有（知情）人私下告诉我了
A Mount / Hill of Beans 微不足道，无足轻重
A Piece of Cake 小菜一碟，小事一桩，非常容易，很简单
A Price on sb.’s Head 缉拿或杀死某人的悬赏金
A Shot in the Dark （没有根据的）乱猜或瞎蒙
Achilles’ Heel 性格上的致命弱点或缺陷
Add Insult to Injury 加倍伤害，落井下石
An Eye for an Eye 以牙还牙，以眼还眼
Apple of sb.’s Eye 某人的掌上明珠
Apple-pie Order 有条不紊，井然有序，井井有条
At Loggerheads (with sb.) （和某人）不和，（和某人）势不两立
At the Drop of a Hat 立刻，马上；毫不迟疑，刻不容缓
At the End of One’s Ropes 束手无策，筋疲力尽，忍无可忍

B
Back to Square One 回到起点，从头再来
Bark up the Wrong Tree 找错目标，错怪了人，白费精力
Basket Case 废物，疯狂的人
Be All Ears 洗耳恭听
Be All Thumbs 笨手笨脚，不能胜任
Beat around / about the Bush 拐弯抹角（浪费时间），旁敲侧击
Behind the Eight-ball 受到挫折，不顺心
Below the Belt 暗箭伤人
Beyond the Pale 出格，越轨
Bite the Bullet 咬紧牙关应对，硬着头皮应付
Black Sheep 害群之马，败类
Blow off Steam 发泄，释放压力
Blow One’s Cover 暴露身份，揭穿秘密（使无法隐瞒）
Blow the Whistle 揭发，告发，检举
Born with a Silver Spoon in One’s Mouth 出身富贵，生于富贵人家
Break a Leg 祝你好运
Bury / Hide One’s Head in the Sand 躲避问题的态度，采取驼鸟政策
Bury the Hatchet / Tomahawk 休战，讲和，摈弃前嫌
By Jove! 天啊！老天爷啊！

C
Call a Spade a Spade 实事求是地说
Call sb. Names 辱骂某人，诋毁某人
Call the Shots 发号施令，掌控全局
Carry a Torch for sb. 暗恋某人
Cast Pearls before Swine 明珠暗投，对牛弹琴
Close Shave 十分惊险
Close, but No Cigar 差一点，几乎就要猜对了
Compare Apples and Oranges 把风马牛不相及的两个人或两种事物作比较
Cook sb.’s Goose 毁掉某人成功的机会
Crocodile Tears 假哭，假慈悲
Cross One’s Heart 我发誓，我说的是实话
Cry over Spilt / Spilled Milk 浪费时间做无能为力、于事无补的事情
Curiosity Killed the Cat 好奇害死猫
Cut Corners 减少费用，节省时间
Cut No Ice 不起作用，不能让人相信
Cut sb. Some Slack 放某人一马
Cut the Crap 废话少说
Cut to the Chase 别再浪费时间，切入正题，干正事

D
Down in the Mouth(英) / down in the Dumps(美) 郁郁不乐，垂头丧气，心情不好
Drown One’s Sorrows / Troubles 借酒消愁

E
Easy Come, Easy Go. 来得容易，去得快
Eat Crow 被迫认错，道歉

F
Face the Music 接受批评，承担后果
Faster than You Can Say Jack Robinson 一眨眼的工夫
Fifth Wheel 不受欢迎的人，多余的人
Fish in a Barrel 瓮中鳖
Fish to Fry 重要的事情
Fly by the Seat of One’s Pants 凭自己的感觉做事，摸着石头过河
Fly off the Handle 勃然大怒
Fly on the Wall 暗中观察或监视别人的人
For the Birds 荒唐可笑的，毫无价值的，无意义的，不重要的
Forty Winks 小睡，打盹

G
Get Hitched 结婚
Get off on the Wrong Foot 一开始就没把事情做对
Get / Put sb. Back up 惹恼某人，惹怒某人
Get sb.’s Nose to the Grindstone 努力干活，毫不停歇
Get sth. up (in) One’s Sleeve 留有一手，有锦囊妙计
Get the Blues 情绪低落，郁郁寡欢
Get Wind of sth. 听到……的风声
Give It a Shot 试试吧，来吧
Give Me Five! 来击个掌吧！
Give sb. a Knuckle Sandwich 用拳头打某人，给某人拳头吃
Give sb. the Bird 给某人喝倒彩，存心奚落某人
Give sb. the Boot 开除某人，解雇某人
Give sb. the Cold Shoulder 对某人冷淡，冷眼相待
Give sb. the Green Light 给某人开绿灯
Go / Walk down the Aisle 走上红地毯，结婚
Goody Two-shoes 老好人，伪善家
Gravy Train 肥差
Green-eyed Monster 妒忌
Grow Eyes in / at the Back of One’s Head 多长只眼睛，警觉

H
Half the Battle 成功的一半，至关重要
Have a Bee in One’s Bonnet 胡思乱想
Have a Crush on sb. 暗恋某人，迷恋某人
Have Butterflies in One’s Stomach 很紧张，（心里）七上八下的
Have / Get Deep Pockets 有很多钱，腰包鼓鼓的
Have sb. over a Barrel 使某人处于掌控之中
Head Honcho 管理人，负责人，老板，头儿
High Horse 傲慢，趾高气扬的架势
Hold Your Horses 不要操之过急，等一下，别着急
Hot Cakes 卖得非常快，十分畅销

I
If I Had a Nickel for Every Time 比喻好多次
In the Driver’s / Driving Seat 处于主导地位，担任负责人，控制局势，左右/掌控一切
In the Pink 身体健康，气色好
It Goes in One Ear and out the Other. 左耳朵进，右耳朵出
It’s Always Greener on the Other Side. 这山望着那山高，别处的草儿更绿，得陇望蜀

J
Jack of All Trades 多面手，博而不精的人

K
Keep One’s Nose out of 别管闲事，不要干涉别人的事
Keep Your Shirt on 请镇定，稍安勿躁
Kick Butt / Ass 很厉害，很棒

L
Let Sleeping Dogs Lie 别惹麻烦，别多事，别惹是非
Let the Cat out of the Bag 泄露秘密，露出马脚，说漏嘴
(Like a Bolt) out of / from the Blue 突如其来，从天而降，出其不意
Like a Duck to Water 如鱼得水
Look What the Cat Coughed up / Dragged in 瞧瞧什么人来了

M
Make Ends Meet 勉强度日，勉强糊口
Make Waves 有所作为，出人头地；兴风作浪
Million Dollar Question 很难回答的问题
Miss the Boat 错失良机，无法了解
Monkey Business 不正经的事情，不规矩的事情

N
Name Is Mud 名誉扫地，声名狼藉
Nip in the Bud 把……扼杀于萌芽状态，防患于未然
No Shit 别废话，别扯淡；不带扯的，真的
No Skin off One’s Nose 跟本人毫不相干，本人不在乎
Nosy Parker 好事者，爱管闲事的人
Not a Bed of Roses 不轻松安逸，不尽如人意
Not Know sb. from Adam 根本就不认识某人，压跟儿就不认识某人

O
Off the Sauce 戒酒
On a Silver Platter 轻易地，不费劲地
On One’s Toes 保持警觉，随时准备行动
On the Rebound （感情）处于疗伤期
On the Wagon 戒酒
Once in a Blue Moon 破天荒，极其罕见，千载难逢
One Foot in the Grave 行将就木，处于危险之中
Open a Can of Worms 自找烦恼
Out of the Woods 走出困境，摆脱危险

P
Pandora’s Box 灾祸的根源或源头
Pass the Hat 捐款，筹钱
Peaches and Cream 完美无缺的，美好的
Pick sb.’s Brain 向某人询问消息，征求意见，向某人取经
Pipe Dream 白日梦，幻想，空想
Play Ball 合作，互相帮忙
Play sth. by Ear 随机应变，见机行事
Prince Charming 白马王子
Prodigal Son 回头的浪子，改邪归正的人
Pull the Wool over sb.’s Eyes 故意欺骗某人，蒙骗某人
Puppy Love / Calf Love （青涩年代的）初恋
Put All (One’s) Eggs in One Basket 孤注一掷
Put One’s Foot in One’s Mouth 不小心说错话，不会说话
Put One’s Money Where One’s Mouth Is 拿钱来证实，用行动来证明
Put / Get the Cart before the Horse 本末倒置，主次不分，颠倒次序

R
Reap the Whirlwind 遭到恶报，得到报应
Red Carpet 隆重接待
Red Herring 转移别人注意力的东西，障眼法
Red-letter Day 值得纪念的日子
Ring a Bell 提醒，想起来
Rock the Boat 兴风作浪，破坏现状，惹事生非

S
Salad Days少不更事的青涩时代，年轻缺乏经验时期，最佳时期，全盛时期
Saved by the Bell 如释重负，终于解脱了
Sb.’s Eyes Are Bigger than His Stomach / Belly 眼睛大，肚子小；眼高手低
Second Thought 再三考虑，认真思索
Sell One’s Soul 出卖自己的灵魂
Shake a Leg 快点，赶紧
Shoot from the Hip （行事或者说话）鲁莽，直来直去，冲动
Shoot the Breeze 瞎聊
Shotgun Wedding 奉子成婚
Show sb. the Ropes 告诉某人诀窍，告知某人内情
Speak of the Devil 说曹操，曹操到
Spill the Beans 泄漏秘密，泄密
Split Hairs 斤斤计较，吹毛求疵，钻牛角尖
Stand sb. up 放某人鸽子，爽约
Steal sb.’s Thunder 抢某人的风头，抢某人的功劳
Step on sb.’s Toes 得罪某人，触犯某人，侵犯某人的领地或职权
Strong Suit 长处，特长
Swan Song 最后的事物，临终遗言，最后的作品

T
Take a Rain Check 下次吧，改天吧，以后吧
Take French Leave 不辞而别，擅自缺席
Take over the Reins 主持大局，掌握支配权
Take the Bull by the Horns 不畏艰险，勇敢面对困难
Take the Cake 得头奖，得第一名（最佳或最差）
Take the Rap （替别人）背黑锅，（因某事）无辜受罚
Talk sb.’s Ear off 喋喋不休，唠叨，费尽口舌
That’s the Way the Cookie Crumbles. 这就是命，人生就是这样，这是无法改变的事实
The Call of Nature 想小便
The Cat Gets sb.’s Tongue 不吭声，不说话
The Salt of the Earth 诚实、善良的普通人
Think on sb.’s Feet （头脑）反应快，不用想也知道
Third Degree 拷问，逼问，逼供
Three Sheets in / to the Wind 酩酊大醉
Throw / Cast / Fling Caution to the Winds 不顾一切冒险行事
Throw in the Sponge / Towel 认输
Tie the Knot 结婚，主持婚礼
Tilt at Windmills 浪费时间和精力与假想中的敌人搏斗
Touch Wood 但愿好运常在
Turn in One’s Grave 死不暝目

U
Under the Gun 承受很大的压力
Use Your Head 你用用脑子；你动动脑子，好好想一想

W
Walls Have Ears 隔墙有耳（，小心被人听见了）
Wash One’s Hands of 一刀两断，撒手不管，抛开
Wet One’s Whistle 喝酒
White Hope 被支持者们寄予希望能获得巨大成功的人
White Lie 善意的谎言，无伤大雅的谎言
Word of Mouth 口耳相传
Worth sb.’s Salt 称职的，胜任工作的

Y
You Haven’t Even Gotten Your Feet Wet. 你（要做某件事情，）却根本就没有开始呢

英语学术论文常用句型[zz]

    Beginning
    1. In this paper, we focus on the need for
    2. This paper proceeds as follow.
    3. The structure of the paper is as follows.
    4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts
    5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the

    Introduction
    1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.
    2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.
    3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.

    Review
    1. This review is followed by an introduction.
    2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.
    3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given.
    4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...
    5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.
    6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.

    Body
    1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.
    2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.
    3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx
    4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
    5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window
    6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...
    7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.
    8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.
    9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.
    10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.
    11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules
    12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.
    13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.
    14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.
    15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.
    16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.
    17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.
    18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.
    19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..
    20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.
    21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.
    22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.
    23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system
    24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.
    25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.
    26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.
    27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...

This Section
    1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.
    2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section
    2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.
    3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.
    4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.
    5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.
    6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx

    Summary
    1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.
    2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.
    3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.
    4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.
    5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized
    6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.
    7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.

    Chapter 0. Abstract
    1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.
    2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.
    3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.
    4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.
    5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.
    6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.
    7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.
    8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.
    9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.
    10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.
    11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.
    12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.
    13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.
    14. This paper analyses problems in
    15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...
    16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...
    17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching
    18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.
    19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx
    20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.
    21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx
    22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.
    23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure

    Chapter 1. Introduction
    Time
    1. Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive
    2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world
    3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the
    4. The development of ... is explored
    5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions
    6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years
    7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...
    8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...
    9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.
    10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx
    11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.
    12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].
    13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.

    Objective / Goal / Purpose
    1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:
    2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.
    3. The paper concerns the development of a xx
    4. The scope of this research lies in
    5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.
    6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...
    7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:
    8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of
    9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide
    10. The main objective of such a ... system is to
    11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.
    12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:
    13. In order to take advantage of their similarity
    14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed
    15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...
    16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues
    17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.
    18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.
    19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods
    20. This illustration points out the need to specify
    21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.
    22. Chapter 2. Literature Review
    23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx
    24. A considerable amount of research has been done .. during the last decade
    25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.
    26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning
    27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.
    28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in
    methodological aspects as in concrete applications.
    29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.
    30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.
    31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of
    32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.
    33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.
    34. The central issue in all these studies is to
    35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.
    36. Applied ... techniques to
    37. Characterized the ... system as
    38. Developed an algorithm to
    39. Developed a system called ... which
    40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce
    41. Emphasized the need to
    42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology
    43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken
    44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed
    45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/
    Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights
    46. Point out that the problem of
    47. A study on ...was done / developed by []
    48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with
    49. The approach taken by [] is
    50. The system developed by [] consists
    51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []
    52. []'s model requires consideration of...
    53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development
    54. []'s model focuses on...
    55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to
    56. The published information that is relevant to this research...
    57. This study further shows that
    58. Their work is based on the principle of
    59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].
    60. Studies have been completed to established
    61. The ...studies indicated that
    62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.
    Problem / Issue / Question
    63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.
    64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems
    67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved
    68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed
    69. An unanswered question
    70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.
    71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....
    72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed
    73. The three prime issues can be summarized:
    74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...
    75. There have been many attempts to
    76. It is expected to be serious barrier to
    77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex

track from:http://blog.renren.com/share/244036495/3052373980

应该脱口而出的英语口语[zt]

人人网 校内- 日志分享

Any day will do？哪一天都可以？

　　Any messages for me？有我的留言吗？

　　Are you by yourself？你一个人来吗？

　　All right with you？你没有问题吧？

　　Are you free tomorrow？明天有空吗？

　　Are you kidding me？你在跟我开玩笑吧？

　　As soon as possible！尽可能快！

　　Back in a moment！马上回来！

　　Believe it or not！信不信由你！

　　Better luck next time！下次会更好！

　　Boy will be boys本性难移！

　　Come to the point！有话直说！

　　Do you accept plastic？收不收行用卡？

　　Does it keep long？可以保存吗？

　　Don't be so fussy！别挑剔了！

　　Don't count to me！别指望我！

　　Don't fall for it！不要上当！

　　Don't get me wrong！你搞错了！

　　Don't give me that！少来这套！

　　Don't let me down！别让我失望！

　　Don't lose your head！别乐昏了头！

　　Don't over do it！别做过头了！

　　Don't sit there daydreaming！别闲着做白日梦！

　　Don't stand on ceremony！别太拘束！

　　Drop me a line！要写信给我！

　　Easy come easy go！来得容易去得也快！

　　First come first served！先到先得！

　　Get a move on！快点吧！

　　Get off my back！不要嘲笑我！

　　Give him the works！给他点教训！

　　Give me a break！饶了我吧！

　　Give me a hand！帮我一个忙！

　　Great minds think alike！英雄所见略同！

　　I'll treat you to lunch.午餐我请你！

　　In one ear，out the other ear.一耳进，一耳出！

　　I'm spaced-out！我开小差了！

　　I beg your pardon！请你再说一遍！

　　I can't afford that！我付不起！

　　I can't follow you！我不懂你说的！

　　I can't help it！我情不自禁！

　　I couldn't reach him！我联络不上他！

　　I cross my heart！我发誓是真的！

I don't mean it！我不是故意的！

　　I feel very miserable！我好沮丧！

　　I have no choice！我别无选择了！

　　I watch my money！视财如命！

　　I'll be in touch！保持联络！

　　I'll check it out！我去看看！

　　I'll show you around！我带你四处逛逛！

　　I'll see to it！我会留意的！

　　I'm crazy for you！我为你疯狂！

　　You make me jump！你下了我一跳！

　　Make up your mind.作个决定吧！

　　Make yourself at home！就当在家一样！

　　My mouth is watering！我要流口水了！

　　Never heard of it！没听说过！

　　Nice talking to you！很高兴和你聊天！

　　No doubt about it！勿庸置疑！

　　No pain no gain！不经一事，不长一智！

　　None of your business！要你管？

　　There is nothing on your business！这没你的事！

　　Now you are really talking！说得对！

　　Please don't rush me！请不要吹促我！

　　Please keep me informed！请一定要通知我！

　　She looks blue today.她今天很忧郁！

　　She is under the weather.她心情不好！

　　So far，so good.过得去。

　　Speaking of the devil！一说曹操，曹操就到！

　　Stay away from me！离我远一点！

　　Stay on the ball！集中注意力！

　　That makes no difference.不都一样吗？

　　That's a touchy issue！这是个辣手得问题！

　　That's always the case！习以为常！

　　That's going too far！这太离谱了！

　　That's more like that！这才象话嘛！

　　The answer is zero！白忙了！

　　The dice is cast！已成定局了！

　　The same as usual！一如既往！

　　The walls have ears！隔墙有耳！

　　There you go again！你又来了！

　　Time is running out！没有时间了！

We better get going！最好马上就走！



Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 小别胜新婚。
After you． 您先。
Allow me． 让我来。
Any day will do． 哪一天都行夕
Any messages for me? 有我的留言吗?
Any thing else? 还要别的吗?
Any urgent thing？ 有急事吗？
Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑吧!
Are you sure? 你肯定吗?
As soon as possible! 越快越好!
Be careful! 注意!
Be quiet! 安静点!
Believe it or not! 信不信由你!
Between us. 你知，我知。
Big mouth! 多嘴驴！
Bless you! 祝福你!
Bottle it! 閉嘴！
Bottoms up! 干杯！
Bottoms up! 干杯(见底)!
Boy! （表示惊奇，兴奋等）哇！好家伙！
Break the rules. ?#;反規則。
Break the rules. 违反规则。
Can I have this. 可以给我这个吗？
Can I help you? 我能帮你吗?
Can you dig it？ 你搞明白了吗？
Can－do. 能人。
Cheap skate! 小气鬼！
Cheer up! 振作起来!
Chin up. 不气 ，振作些。
Close－up. 特寫鏡頭。
Clothes make the man． 人要衣装。
Come on! 快点，振作起来！
Come on, be reasonable. 嗨，你怎么不讲道理。
Come on． 来吧(赶快)
Come seat here. 来这边坐。
Congratulations! 祝贺你!
Control yourself! 克制一下!
Count me on 算上我。
Daring! 亲爱的！
Dead end. 死胡同。
December heartbeat. 黄昏恋。
Did you miss the bus? 你错过公共汽车了?
Dinner is on me. 晚饭我请。
Do l have to 非做不可吗?
Do me a favor? 帮个忙，好吗?
Do you have any money on you？ 你身上带钱了吗？
Do you have straw？ 你有吸管吗？
Does it serve your purpose？ 对你有用吗？
Doggy bag. 打包袋。
Don't be so childish. 别这么孩子气。
Don't be so modest． 别谦虚了。
Don't count on me．别指望我。
Don't fall for it! 别上当!
Don't flatter me. 过奖了。
Don't get high hat. 别摆架子。
Don't get loaded. 别喝醉了。
Don't get me wrong. 别误会我。
Don't give me that! 少来这套!
Don't let me down． 别让我失望。
Don't let me down. 别让我失望。
Don't lose your head。 不要惊慌失措。
Don't make up a story. 不要捏造事实。
Don't mention it. 没关系，别客气。
Don't move! 不许动!
Don't over do it. 别太过分了。
Don't play possum! 別裝蒜！
Don't push me. 别逼我。
Don't take ill of me. 别生我气。
Don't trust to chance! 不要碰运气。
Don't worry． 别担心。
Drop it! 停止！
Easy come easy go． 来得容易，去得快。
Easy does it. 慢慢来。
Enjoy yourself! 祝你玩得开心!
Excuse me，Sir． 先生，对不起。
Fasten your seat belt． 系好你的安全带。
Feel better? 好点了吗?
Follow me． 跟我来。
Follow my nose. 凭直觉做某事。
Forget it! 休想! (算了!)
Fresh paint! 油漆未干！
Get an eyeful. 看个够。
Get cold feet. 害怕做某事。
Get out of here! 滚出去！
Gild the lily. 画蛇添足。
Give me a hand! 帮帮我!
Go ahead. 继续。
Go down to business. 言归正传。
God works. 上帝的安排。
Good for you! 好得很！
Good job! 做得好!
Good luck! 祝好运!
Good luck! 祝你好运！
Guess what? 猜猜看?
Hang on! 抓紧（别挂电话）！
Have a good of it.玩的很高兴。
Have fun! 玩得开心!
He always talks big． 他总是吹牛。
He came by train． 他乘火车来。
He can hardly speak． 他几乎说不出话来。
He can't take a joke． 他开不得玩笑。
He has a quick eye. 他的眼睛很锐利。
He has an ax to grind. 他另有企图。
He is a fast talker. 他是个吹牛大王。
He is a smart boy． 他是个小机灵鬼。
He is ill in bed． 他卧病在床。
He is just a child． 他只是个孩子。
He is my age． 他和我同岁。
He is the pain on neck. 他真让人讨厌。
He lacks courage． 他缺乏勇气。
He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽烟。
He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽煙。
He owes my uncle $．他欠我叔叔美元。
He pushes his luck. 他太贪心了。
He won an election． 他在选举中获胜。
Help me out. 帮帮我。
Help yourself． 别客气。
Here we are! 我们到了！
Here ye! 说得对！
Here you are． 给你。
High jack! 举起手来（抢劫）！
Hit the ceiling. 大发雷霆。
Hold on． 等一等。
Hope so. 希望如此。
How about eating out？ 外面吃饭怎样？
How are things going? 事情进展得怎样?
How are you recently? 最近怎么样?
How big of you! 你真棒！
How big of you! 你真棒！
How come… 怎么回事，怎么搞的。
How much? 多少钱?
How's everything? 一切还好吧?
How's it going? 怎么样?
I agree。 我同意。
I am a football fan． 我是个足球迷。
I am all ears. 我洗耳恭听。
I am the one wearing pants in the house. 我当家。
I beg your pardon． 请你原谅。
I beg your pardon? 请您再说一遍(我没有听清)。
I can't follow you． 我不懂你说的。
I can't make both ends meet. 我上个月接不到下个月，缺钱。
I decline! 我拒绝!
I don't care. 我不在乎。
I don't have anywhere to be. 没地方可去。
I don't mean it. 我不是故意的。
I doubt it 我怀疑。
I felt sort of ill. 我感觉有点不适。
I have a good idea! 我有一个好主意。
I have no choice． 我别无选择。
I have no idea． 我没有头绪。
I have to be late and keep my date waiting. 我不喜欢迟到而让别人久等。
I just made it! 我做到了!
I know all about it． 我知道有关它的一切。
I like ice-cream． 我喜欢吃冰淇淋。
I lost my way. 我迷路了。
I love this game． 我钟爱这项运动。
I love you! 我爱你!
I might hear a pin drop. 非常寂静。
I promise． 我保证。
I quit! 我不干了!
I see． 我明白了。
I stay at home a lot. 我多半在家里。
I swear by the god. 我对天发誓。
I think so． 我也这么想。
I wonder if you can give me a lift？ 能让我搭一程吗？
If only I could fly． 要是我能飞就好了。
I'll be back soon． 我马上回来。
I'll be right there． 我马上就到。
I'll be seeing you. 再见。
I'll check it out． 我去查查看。
I'll fix you Up． 我会帮你打点的。
I'll get even with him one day. 我总有一天跟他扯平
I'll see to it 我会留意的。
I'll see you at six． 我六点钟见你。
I'll try my best． 我尽力而为。
I'm afraid I can't. 我恐怕不能。
I'm bored to death. 我无聊死了。
I'm dying to see you. 我很想见你。
I'm full． 我饱了。
I'm going to go. 我這就去。
I'm his fan。 我是他的影迷。
I'm home． 我回来了。
I'm in a hurry! 我在赶时间!
I'm lost． 我迷路了。
I'm not going. 我不去了。
I'm not it a good mood. 没有心情（做某事）。
I'm on a diet． 我在节食。
I'm On your side． 我全力支持你。
I'm single． 我是单身贵族。
IS it true or false? 这是对的还是错的?
Is it yours? 这是你的吗?
Is that so？ 是这样吗？
It can be a killer. 这是个伤脑筋的问题。
It doesn't make any differences. 没关系。
It doesn't take much of you time. 这不花你好多时间。
It doesn't work. 不管用。
It is a deal！ 一言为定！
It is a long story. 一言难尽。
It is a small world! 世界真是小！
It is growing cool． 天气渐渐凉爽起来。
It is not a big deal! 没什么了不起！
It is of high quality. 它质量上乘。
It is raining. 要下雨了。
It is urgent. 有急事。
It really takes time． 这样太耽误时间了。
It seems all right． 看来这没问题。
It sounds great!． 听起来很不错。
It was something that happens once in the blue moon. 这是千载难逢的事。
It’s a long story． 说来话长。
It’s Sunday today． 今天是星期天。
It's a fine day。 今天是个好天。
It's against the law． 这是违法的。
It's going too far． 太离谱了。
It's her field． 这是她的本行。
It's up in the air. 尚未确定。
It's up to you. 由你决定。
It's up to you． 由你决定。
Just read it for me． 就读给我听好了。
Just wait and see! 等着瞧!
Just wonderful! 简直太棒了!
Keep in Touch． 保持联络。
Keep it up! 坚持下去!
Knowledge is power． 知识就是力量。
Leave me alone. 别理我。
Let go! 放手!
Let me see．让我想想。
Let's bag it. 先把它搁一边。
Let's play it by ear. 让我们随兴所至。
Long time no see! 好久不见!
Lose head. 丧失理智。
Love me，love my dog． (谚语)爱屋及乌。
Make it up! 不记前嫌！
Make it. 达到目的，获得成功。
Make up your mind． 做个决定吧。
May I use your pen? 我可以用你的笔吗?
Me too． 我也是。
Move out of my way! 让开!
My girlfriend and I broke up. 我和我的女朋友吹了。
My god! 天哪!
My hands are full right now. 我现在很忙。
My mouth is watering． 我要流口水了。
My treat． 我请客。
Never mind. 不要緊。
Never mind．不要紧。
No one knows . 没有人知道。
No pain，no gain． 不劳无获。
No problem! 没问题!
No way! 不可能！
No way! 不行!
None of my business. 不关我事。
None of you keyhole. 不准偷看。
Not at all. 根本就不（用）。
Not bad． 还不错。
Not in the long run. 从长远来说不是这样的。
Not precisely! 不见得，不一定！
Not so bad. 不错。
Not yet． 还没。
Nothing tricky. 别耍花招。
Nuts! 呸；胡说；混蛋！
Nuts! 呸；胡說；混蛋
Of course! 当然了!
Play hooky. 旷工、旷课。
Poor thing! 真可怜！
Poor thing! 真可憐！

Price is soaring, if it goes on like this, we shall not be able to keep the pot boiling. 物价直线上升，这样子下去，我们锅里可没什么东西煮饭。
Right over there. 就在那里。
Say hello to everybody for me. 替我向大家问好。
See you． 再见。
She had a bad cold． 她患了重感冒。
She is still mad at me. 她还在生我的气。
She make a mess of things. 她把事情搞得一塌糊涂。
She'll be along in a few minutes. 他马上会过来。
She's got quite a wad. 她身怀巨款。
Shoot the breeze. 闲谈。
Shut up! 闭嘴!
Side dish. 配菜。
Sleeping on both ears. 睡的香。
Slow down! 慢点!
So do I． 我也一样。
So far，So good． 目前还不错。
So long． 再见。
Speak louder，please． 说话请大声点儿。
Stay away from him. 别*近他。
Still up？ 还没睡呀？
Sure thin! 當然！
T can't help it. 我情不自禁。
Take a seat! 请坐！
Take care! 保重!
Take it easy． 别紧张。
Talk truly. 有话直说。
Tell me when! 随时奉陪！
That is a boy! 太好了，好极了！
That is great! 太棒了！
That is unfair. 这不公平！
That rings a bell. 听起来耳熟。
That's a good idea． 这个主意真不错。
That's all I need． 我就要这些。
That's all! 就这样!
That's neat． 这很好。
The answer is zero． 白忙了。
The line is engaged. 占线。
The view is great． 景色多么漂亮!
The wall has ears． 隔墙有耳。
There comes a bus． 汽车来了。
There is nobody by that name working here. 这里没有这个人。
There is nobody by that name working here.這裡沒有這個人。
They hurt． (伤口)疼。
This boy has no job． 这个男孩没有工作。
This house is my own． 这所房子是我自己的。
This way。 这边请。
Thousand times no! 绝对办不到！
Time is money． 时间就是金钱。
Time is running out． 没时间了。
Time is up． 时间快到了。
To be careful! 一定要小心!
Try again． 再试试。
Wait and see. 等着瞧。
Watch out! 当心。
Watch you mouth. 注意言辞。
We are good friends． 我们是好朋友。
We have no way out. 我们没办法。
Well，it depends 噢，这得看情况。
We're all for it． 我们全都同意。
What a good deal! 真便宜!
What a pity! 太遗憾了!
What about you? 你呢?
What brought you here？ 什么风把你吹来了？
What day is today? 今天星期几?
What do you think? 你怎么认为？
What does she like? 她喜欢什么?
What happened to you? 你怎么了?
What if I go for you？ 我替你去怎么样？
What is the fuss？ 吵什么？
What is you major？ 你学什么专业？
What should I do? 我该怎么办？
What time is it? 几点了?
What's new? 有什么新鲜事吗?
What's up? 有什么事吗?
What's your trouble? 你哪儿不舒服?
When are you leaving？ 你什么时候走？
Who knows! 天晓得！
Who told you that? 谁告诉你的?
Who wants？ 谁稀罕？
Who's calling? 是哪一位?
Who's kicking off? 现在是谁在开球?
Why are you so sure？ 怎么这样肯定？
Why die she marry a man old enough to be her father？ 她为什么要嫁给一个年龄与她父亲相当的男人？
Why not? 好呀! (为什么不呢?)
Why so blue？ 怎么垂头丧气？
Would you mind making less noise? 能不能小声点。
Yes，I suppose So． 是的，我也这么认为。
You are just in time. 你来得正是时候。
You are welcome! 别客气！
You ask for it! 活该！
You asked for it! 你自讨苦吃!
You bet! 一定，当然！
You can make it! 你能做到!
You can't miss it 你一定能找到的。
You did fairly well! 你干得相当不错
You did right． 你做得对。
You don't say so. 未必吧，不至于这样吧。
You don't say! 真想不到！
You don't seem to be quite yourself today. 你今天看起来不大对劲。
You have my word． 我保证。
You might at least apologize. 你顶多道个歉就得了。
You need to workout． 你需要去运动锻炼一下。
You never know. 世事难料。
You owe me one．你欠我一个人情。
You set me up! 你出卖我!
You want a bet？ 你想打赌吗？
Your are welcome. 你太客气了。
Your hand feels cold． 你的手摸起来很冷。。
You're welcome． 不客气。

久仰！I've heard so much about you.

好久不见了！Long time no see.

辛苦了！You've had a long day. You've had a long flight.

尊敬的朋友们！Distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends

阁下(多用于称呼大使) Your Excellency

我代表北京市政府欢迎各位朋友访问北京。On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, I wish to extend our warm welcome to the friends who have come to visit Beijing.

对您的大力协助，我谨代表北京市政府表示衷心的感谢。On behalf of the Beijing Municipal government, i wish to express our heartfelt thanks to you for your gracious assistance.

在北京过得怎么样？How are you making out in Beijing?

我一定向他转达您的问候和邀请。I'll surely remember you and your invitation to him.

欢迎美商来北京投资。American businessmen are welcome to make investment in Beijing.

欢迎多提宝贵意见。Your valuable advice is most welcome.

不虚此行! It's a rewarding trip!

您的日程很紧,我们的会见是否就到此为止。As you have a tight schedule, I will not take up more of your time.

请代我问候王先生。Please remember me to Mr.Wang.

感谢光临！Thank you so much for coming.

欢迎再来！Hope you'll come again.

欢迎以后多来北京！Hope you'll visit Beijing more often.

请留步，不用送了！I will see myself out, please.

多保重！Take care!

祝您一路平安！Have a nice trip!

愿为您效劳！At your service!

为…举行宴会/宴请Host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of …

欢迎宴会Welcome dinner

便宴Informal dinner

午宴(附有情况介绍或专题演讲等内容)Luncheon

便餐Light meal

工作午餐Working luncheon

自助餐 Buffet dinner/luncheon

答谢宴会Return dinner

告别宴会Farewell dinner

庆功宴Glee feast

招待会Reception

庆祝中华人民共和国成立四十五周年招待会Reception Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China

鸡尾酒会Cocktail party

茶话会Tea party

包餐/点餐Table d'hote/a la carte

上菜Serve a courst

您的位置在这里。Here is your seat.

请入席！Please have a seat.

欢聚一堂Enjoy this happy get-together

请随便！Please yourself at home./Please enjoy yourself.

请各位随意用餐。Help yourself please.

您喝点什么？What would you like to drink?

现在我提议，为了…和…之间的合作，为了…参议员的健康，干杯！At this point, I propose a toast: to the cooperation between … And … , to the health of Senator…, cheers!

最后，我借主人的酒，提议为…干杯！Lastly, taking up this glass of fine wine, I propose a toast to …

请各位举杯并同我一起为所有在座的朋友们的健康干杯！I'd ask you to raise your glass and join me in a toast ot the health of all our friends present here.

敬您一杯！Here's to you!

祝你健康！To your health!

我要为此干杯！I'll drink to that!

随量！Whatever you like!

我失陪一会儿！Excuse me for a minute.

菜不好，请多多包涵！Hope you enjoy yourself.

女士们先生们，欢迎各位光临，演出很快就要开始了，请尽快就坐。Ladies and gentlemen, good evening. The concert/show would start soon. Please get yourself seated. Thank you.

招待会现在开始。The reception will now begin.

全体起立，奏国歌！All rise please. For the P.R.C.National Anthem!

出席今天招待会的贵宾有…The distinguished guests paarticipating the reception are …

现在请…讲话I have the honour to call upon …

开幕式现在结束。This concludes the opening ceremony.

隆重庆祝Grand celebration

庆祝成立…一周年Celebrating the 1st Anniversary of the Establishment of …

热烈祝贺第一届…锦标赛Hail the first FIFA of …

值此节日之际致以节日的祝贺！On the occasion of the season, I would like to extend season's greetings.

祝您工作顺利、事业成功、身体健康、家庭幸福！Wish you the very best of luck in your job, every success in your future endeavours, good health and a happy family!

衷心祝贺您当选…Hearty congratulations on your recent election as …

举行会议/研讨会/大会/座谈会/学术报告会Hold a meeting/seminar/conference/forum/symposium

赞助人/主办人/承办人/协办人Patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer

举行谈判Enter into negotiation

交涉Make representations with sb. On sth./deal with sb.

事物性会谈Talks at working level

对口会谈Counterpart talks

议程项目Items on the agenda

主题Theme

议题Topic for discussion

双方商定的议程Schedule mutually agreed upon

开幕会议 Opening session

全体会议Plenary session

开场白Introduction

情况介绍Presentation

小组讨论Panel discussion

同有关单位磋商Hold consultations with the organizations concerned

一轮会谈One round of talks

决议Resolution

谅解备忘录Memorandum of understanding

现在开会。I declare the meeting open.

请…发言。I invite the representative of …To take the floor.

下面我给各位简要介绍一下北京的经济情况Now I would like to give you a brief overview of Beijing's economy.

我的介绍完了，谢谢！That's all for my presentation. thank you.

我先说这么多。So much for my remarks for now.

我要说的就是这些。That's all for what I want to say.

您看是先谈原则问题呢，还是先谈具体问题？I wonder if you would like to start with matters of principle or specific issues?

让我先谈一个问题。If you agree(With your permission), let me start with one issue

在谈那个问题之前我想对您刚才讲的话谈点看法。Before we turn to that issue, I wish to make a few comments/remarks on your presentation.

您对此事怎么看呢？I wish to benefit from your views on this matter./ What is your view on this matter?/ How do you see this matter?

我提议休会十分钟。I propose a ten-minute break.

我想接着刚才的问题讲下去。I will pick up where we left off just now.

对不起，我插一句。Sorry for the interruption but

当然可以！By all means.

怎么都行！Whatever you say.

我没有异议。I have no objection.

我方对这个问题有异议。We take exception to this question.

我们高兴地看到…We note with pleasure that …

这个日期贵方觉得合适吗？I wonder if this date would be suitable for you?

不知你们上午谈的怎样？I wonder how the meeting went this morning?

我方很希望 贵方能尽早给予肯定的答复。We would greatly appreciate it if you could give us your favourable and prompt commitment as soon as possible.

请你们务必在8月1日前提出意向书。You are kindly requested to submit the letter of intent on the date no later than 1st August.

纠缠这个问题。Entangle this issue.

提倡节约Advocate/uphold thriftiness

为了国家的繁荣For the sake of national property

经受了时间考验的友谊给我留下了很深的印象。The time-tested friendship leave me a deep impression.

密切注视Keep close watch on

促进密切合作Spur/promote intensive cooperation

Karate Kid

if you want to know more of Beijing, go to see that film.
all famous place of interests are there for you to explore.
but it's so sad to know Jacky Chen is old.
one sentence is worth remembering.
kong fu is everywhere in you daily life.you can find it even in your jacket.
that's brilliant.

很有教养的英语口语zz

1. After you. 你先请。

这是一句很常用的客套话，在进／出门,上 车得场合你都可以表现一下。

2. I just couldn’t help it. 我就是忍不住。

想想看，这样一个漂亮的句子可用于多少个场合？

下面 是随意举的一个例子：

I was deeply moved by the film and I cried and cried. I just couldn’t help it.

3. Don’t take it to heart. 别往心里去，别为此而忧虑伤神。

生活实例：
This test isn’t that important. Don’t take it to heart.

4. We’d better be off. 我们该走了。

It’s getting late. We’d better be off .

5. Let’s face it. 面对现实吧。

常 表明说话人不愿意逃避困难的现状。

参考例句：I know it’s a difficult situation. Let’s face it, OK?

6. Let’s get started. 咱们开始干吧。

劝导别人时说：Don’t just talk. Let’s get started.

7. I’m really dead. 我真要累死了。

坦诚自己的感受时说：After all that work, I’m really dead.

8. I’ve done my best. 我已尽力了。

9. Is that so? 真是那样吗？

常用在一个人听了一件事后表示惊讶、怀疑。

10. Don’t play games with me!别跟我耍花招！

11. I don’t know for sure.我不确切知道。

Stranger： Could you tell me how to get to the town hall?

Tom: I don’t know for sure. Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.

12. I’m not going to kid you.我不是跟你开玩笑的。

Karin： You quit the job? You are kidding.

Jack: I’m not going to kid you. I’m serious.

13. That’s something. 太好了，太棒了。

A: I’m granted a full scholarship for this semester.

B: Congratulations. That’s something.

14. Brilliant idea!这主意真棒！这主意真高明！

15. Do you really mean it? 此话当真？

Michael：Whenever you are short of money, just come to me.

David: Do you really mean it?

16. You are a great help.你帮了大忙

17. I couldn’t be more sure. 我再也肯定不过。

18. I am behind you.我支持你。

A: Whatever decision you’re going to make, I am behind you.

19. I’m broke.我身无分文。

20. Mind you!请注意！听着！(也可仅用Mind。)

模范例句：Mind you! He’s a very nice fellow though bad-tempered.

21. You can count on it.你尽管相信好了，尽管放心。

A：Do you think he will come to my birthday party?
B: You can count on it.

22. I never liked it anyway.我一直不太喜欢这东西。

当朋友或同事不小心摔坏你的东西时 就可以用上这句话给他一个台阶，打破尴尬局面：Oh, don’t worry. I’m thinking of buying a new one. I never liked it anyway.

23. That depends.看情况再说。

例：I may go to the airport to meet her. But that depends.

　Congratulations.恭喜你，祝贺你。

24. Thanks anyway.无论如何我还是得谢谢你。

当别人尽力要帮助你却没帮成时，你就可以用这个短语表 示谢意。

25. It’s a deal.一言为定

Harry： Haven’t seen you for ages. Let’s have a get-together next week.

Jenny: It’s a deal

track back：http://www.kaixin001.com/!repaste/detail.php?uid=3855991& urpid=2250346508

在外企混一定要懂的潜台词[zz]

老外的想法做法就是不一样，如果你想在外企混得好，有些潜规则你最好心里有数。
　　
　　Unacceptable:老外打小受的教育是人要以表扬鼓励为主,所以老外批评人比较含蓄.说你这件事办的unacceptable,已经算是说的很重了,中国老板在外企混久了,也便跟着装逼起来,对你不满,写email给你,左一个unacceptable右一unacceptable，潜台词相当于:你这个傻逼,你奶奶个熊,给老子小心点,X你妈的,等等.
　　
　　CC:就是Copy.我看email,第一看标题,第二看CC给谁,第三才看内容.CC给谁基本上能够说明对方的态度,CC一大批老板的,肯定不是啥好事,对方要推卸责任.潜台词:我这件事告诉你了哦,和我没关系了,你自己看着办吧,反正老板都知道?都盯着你呢. 最开心的是看到自己的名字在CC那一栏里面,因为那意味着那就是这封信不用回,看看就可以.有人会回的.
　　
　　Concern:中文翻译成"关注",其实根本不是关注的意思,老外要是说他很concern, 那就是事情不妙,所谓老外打喷嚏,中国人集体感冒。潜台词:老子很不爽,这事儿怎么这么乱七八糟,给我注意点!.
　　
　　Great:刚才说了,老外打小受教育要多夸人,少批评人,所以老外一天到晚把"It"s great!","you did a great job!"挂在嘴上,初听还飘飘然了几回,听久了,才知道其实压根儿就是他们口头禅,心里未必觉得你有多great,同义词还有fantastic! wonderful! Gorgeous! Fabulous!等等. 潜台词:还马马虎虎啦,一般般了,还过得去.
　　
　　F.Y.I:以前一直以为是forward邮件的时候系统会自动加上这几个字,因为人家转过来的信上都有这三个字母,过了好久才知道是人家自己加的,意思是:For Your Information.看到这几个字母意味着下面内容和我有关,但是关系不大,看看就好.因为对方如果要你采取行动,一定会说清楚:Allen,please……..而不会只是F.Y.I了事.潜台词:和你关系不大,给你随便看看.
　　
　　Issue:中文翻译成事情,其实是贬义词,准确意思是"不好的事情",老外说有一个issue,就是有件鸟事要处理.要有很多issue,那就是一团糟.潜台词:事情不妙,大家都赶快处理.
　　
　　Aggressive:中文翻译成"进攻性的",在外企里面意思含糊,褒义的有"具有开拓精神的","有事业心的",贬义的有"咄咄逼人的","喜欢没头脑乱闯的","容易得罪别人的",反正意思可褒可贬,看你自己琢磨. 面试时候说自己"aggressive"的,潜台词是:我可不是那种混日子的人,我是能干事的,招我准没错. 但是一但说别人"very aggressive",基本上潜台词是说:这傻逼凶巴巴的,不好相处,做事没头没脑,老闯祸…不是啥好鸟.
　　
　　Involve:中文翻译成"介入",反正involve的老板越高层事情就越复杂,director要是involve了,manager就开始紧张,VP要是involve了,中国区相关人员都别想有好日子过,得加班加得四脚朝天. 潜台词:大佬很生气,后果很严重.
　　
　　RESEND！：重传。 潜台词：有没在上班的呀？还没有答复过来？是不是在混水摸鱼？我的时间 很宝贵的，不快点回复你就死定了。
　　
　　highlight :强调，意思是说你搞不定一定要提前highlight出来，抗不住就早点讲，一般要highlight的东西都是比较难搞定的。
　　
　　urgent :紧急的，遇到这样的urgent的case你就有得麻烦了，电话基本不会停下来，好一阵子的热线。
　　
　　appreciate :欣赏。当事情自己解决不了的时候，需要别人帮忙的时候，或者是自己做错事无法挽回的时候，一句your kind help should be appreciated.就会发挥很大的作用 了。
　　
　　guarantee :保证，之前promise的东西没有出现，于是再次向别人求助的时候，对方一句Are you guarantee of it?让你很是尴尬，使对方陷入困境。对于sales来讲，此词使用的几率教高。
　　
　　my understandingis...翻成中文是我的理解是。潜台词是，应该是。你的理解有误，我在此再给你解释一下。虽然看上去是对方在说自己的理解，但基本上是认为你的看法是错的，他的是正确的。
　　
　　I’m very disappointed...中文是：我很失望。 潜台词是：你怎么搞得，弄成这样。后果有点严重，基本上这个人对你有了一个很差的印象了。
from:http://www.kaixin001.com/!repaste/detail.php?uid=3137675&urpid=2168049438

口语中总用但是想不起来用英语怎么说的话

low key 低调 
I've been back and forth.我犹豫不定。 
squeezed juice 鲜榨的果汁 
juice with pulp 带果肉的果汁 
side effect 副作用 
he can't come to the phone now.他现在不能接电话 
herbal tea 花草茶 
ready for a refill? 我再给你倒一杯吧？ 

i love what u have done with this place.我喜欢这里的布置。 
what was tonight?今晚本来要做什么？ 
i can't feel my hands.我手麻了。 
have an affair 外遇 
will anyone miss me if i weren't here? 我在不在这里有什么区别吗？ 
i saw a lot of stuff. 我大开眼界了、 
call security 通知警卫 
dog walker 遛狗的人 
does sth. mean squat to u? 对你来说sth狗屁不是吗？ 
what's up with the greedy? 怎么这么贪啊？ 
work an extra shift 多轮一班 
go on, i dare u!  有种你就去！ 
u r a freak!  你这个变态！ 
i sensed it was u. 我感觉到是你了、 
i apologize on behalf of him.我替他道歉。 
why are u changing the subject?为什么要转移话题？ 
this is so meant to be! 这就是天意！ 
there's no need to place blame. 没有指责的必要。 
curling iron 卷发机 
it's gonna leave a stain。这要留印子的。 
i have part of the fault. 我也有责任。 
distract her with a doll 拿娃娃哄她开心 
they are all well received 收到的反响都很好 
talk u up 说你的好话 
stand firm to  努力坚持 
i was just leering 我只是用余光看看 
organize my thoughts 整理思绪 
get a little preoccupied 事先有事 
no way to recover 没有掩饰的机会了 
bouncy  活泼 
intern    实习生 
mug   抢劫 
drug dealer 毒贩子 
admire your candor   你还真胆大 

we are rolling  摄像机正在拍摄 
hairnet  发罩 
go through this stack 看看这一叠 
r u spying on me？你监视我？ 
just messing with u！跟你开玩笑呢！ 
enough is enough！闹够了 
flyers 寻人（物）海报 
it's insensitive of me。 我这么做很伤人 
u don't have to be brag。 拽什么啊？ 
nod along   跟着点头 
a totally separate subject 完全题外话 
i thought it was the other way around 我以为是反过来的 
close my account 注销银行卡 
cuff him 把他铐起来 
Woody，tingly 痒 

creep me out 雷死我了 
no peeking 不要偷看啊 
sneakbite kit  毒蛇解药 
i feel wild today 我今天好亢奋！ 

I'm kind of beat 我有点累了 
my ears r ringing so bad.我耳鸣得厉害。 
can u get the door?你能去开门吗 
make a huge fool of myself 出了洋相 

r u mocking me?你嘲笑我？ 
hatrack 草包 
sth.is beyond crap 那是扯淡 
any luck? 找到了吗？ 

don't u rush me. 别催我！ 
it doesn't count. 那不算。 

she's gonna be crushed. 她会崩溃的。 
she's healed.她好了。（病或者伤害） 
goose bumps 鸡皮疙瘩 
overreact 反应过度 
patch things up with sb.和某人修复关系 

pierce my ears 打耳洞 
corss that off my list 从单子上划掉 
how did it go? 怎么样？ 
present an award 颁奖 

natural charisma 天生丽质 
cut him some slack 放他一马 
get over with 忘记 
get in line 排队（everybody get in line)大家排好队 

i don't have the energy for this 我没有能力应付这个 
u got me.你还真问住我了

“表里不一”的英文短语[zz]

carry the house 博得全场喝彩（不是“搬家”）

busy body 爱管闲事的人（ 不是“忙人”）

an afternoon farmer [俚]拖拉的人

eleventh hour 最后时刻（不是“十一点钟”）

an eye for an eye 以牙还牙

a hot potato 棘手的问题

a small potato [美俚] 微不足道的人或物

dry goods 纺织品；谷物（不是“干货”）

Milk Way 银河（不是“牛奶路”）

man of letters 文学家（不是“写信的人”）

sleep late 睡懒觉（不是“睡得很晚”）

sweet water 淡水；饮用水（不是“糖水，甜水”）

familiar talk 庸俗的谈话（不是“熟悉的谈话”）

walkman 随身听（不是“行走的男人”）

night bird 夜猫子（不是“夜间的鸟”）

dog days 三伏天（不是“狗的日子”）

hot dog 热狗（不是“炎热的狗”）

great cats 狮、虎、豹等猫科动物（不是“巨大的猫”）

touch-me-not 含羞草（不是“别碰我”）

bad sailor 晕船（不是“坏水手”）

car park 停车场（不是“汽车公园”）

big boy [俚]百元钞票

field flowers 野生的花

a field worker 实地工作者

China grass 苎麻（不是“中国草”）

China tree 楝树（不是“中国树”）

French window 落地长窗（不是“法国窗”）

English disease 软骨病（不是“英国病”）

French chalk 滑石粉（不是“法国粉笔”）

Russian boot 长筒靴（不是“俄罗斯皮靴”）

Russian blue 淡蓝色（不是“俄罗斯蓝色”）

bright and early 一大早

a fast friend 可靠的朋友

fast time 夏令时间

stand fast 不后退；屹立不动；不让步

Stand easy ! [英] 稍息！

What a sell ! 真失望！

buy it （回答问题或谜语时用）放弃 e.g. I'll buy it . 我答不出（或者我不晓得）

Dear John letter [美口] 绝交信

broken English 不标准的英语

a broken man （在精神等方面）潦倒的人

Catch me ! 我可不会再干那样的事了。

Give a big hand. 热烈地鼓掌欢迎。

Break a leg ! 祝你好运！

read travels 读游记

travel in the blue 沉思；冥想
from:http://tr.hjenglish.com/page/52640/

新东方老师总结出的100句口语最基础最高频的话

1． How are you doing?（你好吗？）
　　2． I''m doing great.（我过得很好。）
　　3． What''s up?（出什么事了/你在忙些什么/怎么了？）
　　 4． Nothing special.（没什么特别的。）
　　5． Hi. Long time no see.（嗨，好久不见了。）
　 　6． So far so good.（到目前为止，一切都好。）
　　7． Things couldn''t be better.（一切顺利。）
　　8． How about yourself?（你自己呢？）
　　9． Today is a great day.（今天是个好日子。）
　　10． Are you making progress?（有进展吗？）
　　11． May I have your name, please?（请问尊姓大名？）
　　12． I''ve heard so much about you.（久仰大名。）
　　13． I hope you''re enjoying your staying here.（希望你在这里过得愉快。）
　　14． Let''s get together again.（改天再聚聚。）
　　 15． That''s a great idea!（好主意！）
　　16． Please say hello to your mother for me.（请代我向你母亲问好。）
　　17． I''m glad to have met you.（很高兴遇到你。）
　　18． Don''t forget us.（别忘了我们。）
　　19． Keep in touch.（保持联系。）
　 　20． I had a wonderful time here.（我在这里度过了难忘的时光。）
　　21． Have a nice weekend.（周末愉快。）
　　22． Same to you.（彼此彼此。）
　　23． Nice talking to you.（很高兴与你聊天。）
　　24． Take care of yourself.（自己当心/照顾好你自己。）
　　25． Thank you for everything.（谢谢你的多方关照/你为我所做的一切。）
　　26． Thank you all for coming.（谢谢光临。）
　　27． I appreciate your help.（我感谢你的帮助。）
　　28． You''re always welcome.（别客气/不用谢）
　　29． Forget it.（算了吧）
　　30． It was my pleasure.（不用谢。）
　　31． I made a mistake.（我弄错了。）
　　32． I''m terribly sorry.（实在抱歉。）
　　33． I must apologize!（我必须道歉！）
　　 34． I feel terrible.（我感觉糟透了。）
　　35． It''s not your fault. （那不是你的错。）
　 　36． Sorry to bother /have bothered you.（抱歉，打扰一下/打扰你了。）
　　37． What do you do?（你做什么工作？）
　　38． How do you like your new job?（你觉得你的新工作怎样？）
　　39． I like it a lot.（我很喜欢。）
　　40． I like reading and listening to music.（我喜欢阅读和欣赏音乐。）
　　41． What''s wrong?（怎么回事？）
　　 42． What happened?（发生什么事了？）
　　43． I hope nothing is wrong.（我希望一切顺利。）
　　44． I know how you feel.（我知道你的感受。）
　　45． Sorry to hear that.（听到这个消息我很难受。）
　　46． Come on, you can do that.（来吧，你能做到的。）
　　 47． Use your head.（动动脑筋。）
　　48． You did a great job.（你赶得很好。）
　　 49． That''s very nice of you.（你真好。）
　　50． I''m very proud of you.（我为你感到自豪。）

      51． I like your style.（我喜欢你的风格。）
　　 52． I love you guys.（我爱你们。）
　　53． How do I look?（我看起来怎么样？）
　　54． You look great!（你看上去棒极了！）
　　55． That's fantastic!（那真是棒极了！）
　　 56． That's really something.（那真是了不起！）
　　57． It's a pleasure working with you.（与您合作很愉快。）
　　58． Congratulations on you success.（祝贺你的成功。）
　 　59． I'd like to propose a toast.（我提议干杯！）
　　60． Are you married or single?（你结婚了吗？）
　　61． I've been dying to see you.（我非常想见到你。）
　　 62． I'm crazy about you.（我为你疯狂/痴迷/神魂颠倒。）
　　63． I love you with all my heart.（我全心全意爱你！）
　　64． You're everything to me.（你是我的一切！）
　　 65． You're in love!（你恋爱了！）
　　66． I'm tired of working all day.（整日工作使我厌烦。）
　　67． You work too much.（你做得太多了。）
　　68． Money will come and go.（钱乃身外之物。）
　　69． Are you crazy?（你疯了吗？）
　　70． Have you got it?（明白了吗？）
　　71． I've got it.（我懂了。）
　　72． I can't afford that.（我承担/买不起。）
　　73． I did it, I'm so happy now.（我做到了，现在我很满意

　74． I don't care.（不关我的事/我不管。）
　　75． I don't think so.（我不这么想/我看不会/不行/不用。）
　　 76． I guess so.（我想是吧。）
　　77． I have no other choice.（我别无选择。）
　　 78． I will do my best!（我会尽力的！）
　　79． I mean it.（我是认真的。）
　　80． I'm so scared.（我怕极了。）
　　81． It's hard to say.（难说。）
　　82． It's a long story.（说来话长/一言难尽。）
　　83． It's a small world.（世界真小。）
　　84． It's against the law!（那是违法的！）
　　85． It's a good opportunity!（好机会！）
　 　86． It's dangerous!（危险！）
　　87． May I help you?（我能帮忙吗？）
　　88． No doubt about it.（毫无疑问。）
　　89． That's bullshit!（废话！）
　　90． Think it over.（仔细考虑一下。）
　　91． Time will tell.（时间会证明的。）
　　92． What a surprise!（太令人惊讶了！）
　　93． Whatever you say!（随便你！）
　　94． You are the boss!（听你的！你说了算！）
　　95． You have my word!（我保证！）
　　96． Tough job, tough day, tough world. Life is not always sweet. That's life!
　 　（艰苦的工作，艰难的日子，不幸的世界。生活并不总是甜蜜的。这就是生活！）
　　97． I need some sleep.（我需要睡眠。）
　　98． Take it easy.（别紧张。）
　　99． Just relax.（放松一下。）
　　100． Zip your fly!（闭嘴！）

order of magnitude

In words (long scale)	In words (short scale)	Prefix	Symbol	Decimal	Power of ten	Order of magnitude
quadrillionth	septillionth	yocto-	y	0.000000000000000000000001	10−24	−24
trilliardth	sextillionth	zepto-	z	0.000000000000000000001	10−21	−21
trillionth	quintillionth	atto-	a	0.000000000000000001	10−18	−18
billiardth	quadrillionth	femto-	f	0.000000000000001	10−15	−15
billionth	trillionth	pico-	p	0.000000000001	10−12	−12
milliardth	billionth	nano-	n	0.000000001	10−9	−9
millionth	millionth	micro-	µ	0.000001	10−6	−6
thousandth	thousandth	milli-	m	0.001	10−3	−3
hundredth	hundredth	centi-	c	0.01	10−2	−2
tenth	tenth	deci-	d	0.1	10−1	−1
one	one	-	-	1	100	0
ten	ten	deca-	da	10	101	1
hundred	hundred	hecto-	h	100	102	2
thousand	thousand	kilo-	k	1,000	103	3
million	million	mega-	M	1,000,000	106	6
milliard	billion	giga-	G	1,000,000,000	109	9
billion	trillion	tera-	T	1,000,000,000,000	1012	12
billiard	quadrillion	peta-	P	1,000,000,000,000,000	1015	15
trillion	quintillion	exa-	E	1,000,000,000,000,000,000	1018	18
trilliard	sextillion	zetta-	Z	1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	1021	21
quadrillion	septillion	yotta-	Y	1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000	1024	24

弄错了会很尴尬的英文[zz]

1.日常用语类
busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票员”）
busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙人”）
dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物（不是“干货”）
eleventh hour 最后时刻（不是“十一点”）
lover 情人（不是“爱人”）
dead president 美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”）
sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”）
confidence man 骗子（不是“信得过的人”）
criminal lawyer 刑事律师（不是“犯罪的律师”）
rest room 厕所（不是“休息室”）
dressing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室”或“更衣室”）
horse sense 常识（不是“马的感觉”）
capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思想”）
black tea 红茶（不是“黑茶”）
black stranger 完全陌生的人（不是“陌生的黑人”）
white man 忠实可靠的人（不是“皮肤白的人”）
green hand 新手（不是“绿手”）
blue stocking 女学者、女才子（不是“蓝色长统袜”）
Chinese dragon 麒麟（不是“中国龙”）
American beauty 红蔷薇（不是“美国美女”）
English disease 气管炎（不是“英国病”）
Spanish athlete 吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）
beat it！快跑（不是打他）（感谢博友mlau提供此词条）
2、成语类
pull one's leg 开玩笑（不是“拉后腿”）
in one's birthday suit 赤身裸体（不是“穿着生日礼服”）
eat one's words 收回已说的话（不是“吃话”）
an apple of love 西红柿（不是“爱情之果”）
handwriting on the wall 不祥之兆（不是“大字报”）
bring down the house 博得全场喝彩（不是“推倒房子”）
have a fit 勃然大怒（不是“试穿”）
think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）
pull up one's socks 鼓起勇气（不是“提上袜子”）
3、表达类
Look out! 当心！（不是“向外看”）
What a shame! 多可惜！真遗憾！（不是“多可耻”）
You don't say! 是吗！（不是“你别说”）
You can say that again! 说得好！（不是“你可以再说一遍”）
I haven't slept better. 我睡得好极了。（不是“我从未睡过好觉”）
You can't be too careful in your work. 你工作越仔细越好。（不是“你工作不能太仔细”）
It has been 4 years since I smoked. 我戒烟4年了。（不是“我抽烟4年了”）
All his friends did not turn up. 他的朋友没全到。（不是“他的朋友全没到”）
People will be long forgetting her. 人们在很长时间内会记住她的。（不是“人们会永远忘记她”）
He was only too pleased to let them go. 他很乐意让他们走。（不是“他太高兴了，不愿让他们走”）
It can't be less interesting. 它无聊极了。（不是“它不可能没有趣”）
from:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c68d5700100d2gs.html

英文标点符号怎么念

+　 plus　加号；正号
-　 minus　减号；负号
±　plus or minus　正负号
×　is multiplied by　乘号
÷　is divided by　除号
＝　is equal to　等于号
≠　is not equal to　不等于号
≡　is equivalent to　全等于号
≌　is equal to or approximately equal to　等于或约等于号
≈　is approximately equal to　约等于号
＜　is less than　小于号
＞　is greater than　大于号
≮　is not less than　不小于号
≯　is not more than　不大于号
≤　is less than or equal to　小于或等于号
≥　is more than or equal to　大于或等于号
%　 per cent　百分之…
‰　per mill　千分之…
∞　infinity　无限大号
∝　varies as　与…成比例
√　(square) root　平方根
∵　since; because　因为
∴　hence　所以
∷　equals, as (proportion)　等于，成比例
∠　angle　角
⌒　semicircle　半圆
⊙　circle　圆
○　circumference　圆周
π　pi 圆周率
△　triangle　三角形
⊥　perpendicular to　垂直于
∪　union of　并，合集
∩　intersection of 交，通集
∫　the integral of …的积分
∑　(sigma) summation of　总和
°　degree　度
′　minute　分
″　second　秒
℃　Celsius system　摄氏度

{　open brace, open curly　左花括号
}　close brace, close curly　右花括号
(　open parenthesis, open paren　左圆括号
)　close parenthesis, close paren　右圆括号
() brakets/ parentheses　括号
[　open bracket 左方括号
]　close bracket 右方括号
[] square brackets　方括号
.　period, dot　句号，点
|　vertical bar, vertical virgule　竖线
&　ampersand, and, reference, ref　和，引用
*　asterisk, multiply, star, pointer　星号，乘号，星，指针
/　slash, divide, oblique 斜线，斜杠，除号
//　slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符
#　pound　井号
\　backslash, sometimes escape　反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符
~　tilde　波浪符
.　full stop　句号
,　comma　逗号
:　colon　冒号
;　semicolon　分号
?　question mark　问号
!　exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语)
'　apostrophe　撇号
-　hyphen　连字号
-- dash 破折号
...　dots/ ellipsis　省略号
"　single quotation marks 单引号
""　double quotation marks 双引号
‖ parallel 双线号
&　ampersand = and
～　swung dash 代字号
§　section; division 分节号
→　arrow 箭号；参见号

culture notes book2_1

Martin Luther King, Jr.

  US black civil-right leader (1929-1968). An outstanding orator, he followed principles of nonviolent resistance in organizing demonstrations against racial inequality and was one of the leaders of the Great March to Washington in 1963, joined by over 250,000 people. His campaigns contributed to the passing of the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965) and earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

Sophia Loren

  Italian film actress (1934- ). From working as extra and then a supporting actress, she worked her way up to international stardom in such films as Two Women (1961), The Millionairess (1962), Marriage Indian Style (1964), and The Cassandra Crossing (1977). She was married to the Italian film producer Carlo Ponti.

Julius Caesar

  Roman general and statesman (100-44 BC), whose career marked the end of the Roman Republic.

Queensland

    The second largest state of Australia, situated in the north-east. It is Australia's most decentralized region, containing approximately one third of all Australian urban centres. It has an area of 1,728,000 square kms with a population of two million (1980). The capital city is Brisbane.

Seattle

    A city in the state of Washington, USA. It is Alaska's main supply port.

San Diego

    A city on San Diego Bay, California, USA.

Oklahoma City

    Capital of Oklahoma on the North Canadian River, USA. Founded in 1889, it expanded rapidly following the discovery of oil. Today it is a commercial, industrial, and distribution centre for an oil-producing and agricultural area.

Miami

    A city and port on Biscayne Bay, Florida. A major tourist resort and retirement centre, it grew during the Florida land boom of the 1920s and includes now Coral Gables and Miami Beach.

Montreal

    A Canadian city and port in Quebec, on Montreal Island at the junction of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers. Canada's largest city, it is also the greatest transportation, trade, and manufacturing centre. Two thirds of the population is French speaking, making it the second largest French-speaking city in the world.

Toronto

    Capital of Ontario, Canada. On Lake Ontario, it is Canada's second largest city.

Brooklyn

    One of the five boroughs of New York City, USA, situated at the southwestern end of Long Island. It has an area of 210 square km, population 2.2 million (1980).

Tahiti

    The largest of the Society Islands in the south central Pacific Ocean, in French Polynesia. It has an area of 1,005 square kms with a population of 116,000 in 1983.

Civil Service (UK)

    The bureaucracy that implements government policies. The civil service is organized into such ministries as the Home Office and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

Mathematical language

Notations:
common math operators
write:read
a+b:a add b
a+a+a+a+a:5 lots of a
a-b:a minus b
a±b:a plus or minus b
5!:five factorial
 |4| : modulus of 4
¼=0.3 rounded to 1 significant figure
-5°C:minus 5 degrees Celsius or 5 degrees below zero
a³: a to the power 3
a×b: a times b or a multiply b
a÷b: a divided by b or a over b
a=b: a is equal to b
a̸=b:a is  not equal to b
a≈b:a is approximately equal to b
a≥b:a is greater than or equal to b
a≤b:a is less than or equal to b
():parentheses
[]:brackets
{}:Braces
√a:square root of a
À:A acute
Á:A grave
Â:A hat
Ã:A tilde
Ä:A double dots
y´:y prime
y¯: y bar






FKQA8CJ6CSY9

Wouldn't It Be Loverly?[zz]

All I want is a room somewhere,
Far away from the cold night air,
With one enormous chair.
Oh, wouldn't it be loverly?

Lots of chocolate for me to eat.
Lots of coal makin' lots of 'eat.
Warm face, warm 'ands, warm feet.
Oh, wouldn't it be loverly?

Oh, so loverly sittin' absobloominlutely still.
I would never budge 'till spring
Crept over the windowsill.

Someone's 'ead restin' on my knee,
Warm an' tender as 'e can be,
Who takes good care of me.
Oh, wouldn't it be loverly?
Loverly, loverly, loverly, loverly.
From<my fairly lady>

What to do when the PhD is finished?

What to do when the PhD is finished?

军棋里的军阶

军 army
师 division
旅 brigade
团 regiment
营 battalion
连 company
排 platoon

军棋military chess

工兵sapper
排长platoon commander(中尉 lieutenant)
连长company commander ( 上尉 captain )
营长battalion commander (少校 major)
团长colonel（上校）
旅长brigadier （准将）
师长division commander
军长army commander
司令chief commander
军旗army flag/ensign
地雷landmine
炸弹bomb
行营field headquarter
大本营supreme headquarter

数量词

  Few: 1-4； 

  Several: 5-9； 

  Pack: 10-19； 

  Lots: 20-49； 

  Horde: 50-99； 

  Throng: 100-249； 

  Swarm: 250-499； 

  Zounds: 500-999； 

  Legion: >1000 

中国三军军衔中英对照[zz]

●中国三军军衔中英对照●
Ranks In The Chinese Armed Forces
【陆军--------Army】
一级上将----General First Class
上将--------General
中将--------Lieutenant General
少将--------Major General
大校--------Senior Colonel
上校--------Colonel
中校--------Lieutenant Colonel
少校--------Major
上尉--------Captain
中尉--------First Lieutenant
少尉--------Second Lieutenant
军事长------Master Sergeant
专业军士----Specialist Sergeant
上士--------Sergeant, First Class
中士--------Sergeant
下士--------Corporal
上等兵------Private, First Class
列兵--------Private
【海军--------Navy】
一级上将----Admiral, First Class
上将--------Admiral
中将--------Vice Admiral
少将--------Rear Admiral
大校--------Senior Captain
上校--------Captain
中校--------Commander
少校--------Lieutenant Commander
上尉--------Lieutenant
中尉--------Lieutenant, Junior Grade
少尉--------Ensign
军事长------Chief Petty Officer
专业军士----Specialist Petty Officer
上士--------Petty Officer, First Class
中士--------Petty Officer, Second Class
下士--------Petty Officer, Third Class
上等兵------Seaman, First Class
列兵--------Seaman, Second Class
【空军--------Air Force】
一级上将----General, First Class
上将--------General
中将--------Lieutenant General
少将--------Major General
大校--------Senior Colonel
上校--------Colonel
中校--------Lieutenant Colonel
少校--------Major
上尉--------Captain
中尉--------First Lieutenant
少尉--------Second Lieutenant
军事长------Master Sergeant
专业军士----Specialist Sergeant
上士--------Technical Sergeant
中士--------Staff Sergeant
下士--------Corporal
上等兵------Airman, First Class
列兵--------Airman, Second Class
track by:http://www.jysls.com/thread-287480-1-4.html

3 ist

humanist:One who is concerned with the interests and welfare of humans.
rationalist:who reliance on reason rather than intuition to justify one's beliefs or actions.
methodist:One who emphasizes or insists on systematic procedure.

which are you belong to?
i prefer rationalist.that's true scientist!

Presentation Sentences[zz]

1. Right, let's get started.

2. Let me introduce myself.

3. I've divided my presentation into three main parts.

4. Just to give you a brief overview.

5. I'll be saying more about this in a minute.

6. I'm sure the implications of this are clear to all of us.

7. There's an important point to be made here.

8. OK, let's move on. (go on to make your next point)

9. As you can see, the figures speak for themselves.

10. To go back to what I was saying earlier.

11. Are there any questions you'd like to ask at this point?

12. I'd like to look at this in more detail.

13. Let's put this into perspective. (to explain it this way)

14. Perhaps I should expand on that a little.

15. To digress for a moment? (to depart from your plan)

16. So, to sum up?

17. That brings me to the end of my talk.

18. Thank you. I'm sure you all have lots of questions.
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Help for Organizing, Writing, and Formating Your Research Paper[zz]

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SELECTING A TOPIC, TAKING NOTES, ORGANIZING A DRAFT

Menasche, Lionel. Writing a Research Paper. Revised ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997.
(Uris Ref PE 1478 .M4x 1997)

A textbook designed to help English as a Second Language students write research papers. Includes a set of assignments, exercises, and answers; a glossary of writing and research items, and an index.

Turabian, Kate L. Students' Guide for Writing College Papers. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
(Uris Stacks PE 1478 .T92 S3 1976; also Olin Ref)

A well-organized guide to writing papers, from choosing the topic to writing the paper in its final form. Includes advice on collecting information, outlining, taking notes, punctuation, etc. Best known for its chapters on format in footnotes and bibliographies. Replete with examples illustrating how the general rules apply to all manner of publications and problems.

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WRITING THE PAPER: STYLE AND USAGE

Hodges, John C. and Mary E. Whitten. Harbrace College Handbook. 9th ed. New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1982.
(Uris Stacks PE 1111 .H68 1982)

This handbook is both a comprehensive guide to good English grammar, usage, punctuation, and spelling, and a textbook containing exercises on these subjects. Arranged by subject, it includes a glossary of grammatical terms and an index.

Strunk, William and E.B. White. The Elements of Style. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1979.
(Uris Ref PE 1421 .S92 1979)

E.B. White, who revised the original of this "little book" and who wrote the introduction to it, says that this was Will Strunk's "attempt to cut the vast tangle of English rhetoric down to size and write its rules and principles on the head of a pin". As useful today as it was when first written (1919), the Elements is an essential guide for anyone who takes the English language seriously.

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THE FINAL PRODUCT: FORMAT AND DOCUMENTATION

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 5th ed. Washington: APA, 2001.
(Uris Ref BF 76.7 .P83x 2001; also Olin Ref, Mann Ref, others)

The authoritative style manual for anyone writing in the field of psychology. Its chapters discuss the content and organization of a manuscript, writing style, the American Psychological Association style, and typing, mailing and proofreading. In addition, the final chapter describes the journals of the American Psychological Association.

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th ed. New York: Modern Language Association, 2003.
(Uris Ref Z 253 .M68 2003; also Olin Ref)

This handbook is based on the MLA Style Manual and is intended as an aid for college students writing research papers. Included here is information on selecting a topic, researching the topic, note taking, the writing of footnotes and bibliographies, as well as sample pages of a research paper. Useful for the beginning researcher.

Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. 6th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
(Uris Ref PE 1478 .T92 1996; also Olin Ref, others)

Kate Turabian's standard guide for student writers, newly revised and expanded by John Grossman and Alice Bennett. Chapters cover everything you've ever wanted to know about putting a paper together, from writing introductory chapters to formatting the bibliography.

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The Seven Steps of the Research Process[zz]

The following seven steps outline a simple and effective strategy for finding information for a research paper and documenting the sources you find. Depending on your topic and your familiarity with the library, you may need to rearrange or recycle these steps. Adapt this outline to your needs. We are ready to help you at every step in your research.

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STEP 1: IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP YOUR TOPIC

SUMMARY: State your topic as a question. For example, if you are interested in finding out about use of alcoholic beverages by college students, you might pose the question, "What effect does use of alcoholic beverages have on the health of college students?" Identify the main concepts or keywords in your question.

More details on how to identify and develop your topic.

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STEP 2: FIND BACKGROUND INFORMATION

SUMMARY: Look up your keywords in the indexes to subject encyclopedias. Read articles in these encyclopedias to set the context for your research. Note any relevant items in the bibliographies at the end of the encyclopedia articles. Additional background information may be found in your lecture notes, textbooks, and reserve readings.

More suggestions on how to find background information.

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STEP 3: USE CATALOGS TO FIND BOOKS AND MEDIA

SUMMARY: Use guided keyword searching to find materials by topic or subject. Print or write down the citation (author, title,etc.) and the location information (call number and library). Note the circulation status. When you pull the book from the shelf, scan the bibliography for additional sources. Watch for book-length bibliographies and annual reviews on your subject; they list citations to hundreds of books and articles in one subject area. Check the standard subject subheading "--BIBLIOGRAPHIES," or titles beginning with Annual Review of... in the Cornell Library Classic Catalog.

More detailed instructions for using catalogs to find books.

Finding media (audio and video) titles.

Watch on YouTube: How to read citations

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STEP 4: USE INDEXES TO FIND PERIODICAL ARTICLES

SUMMARY: Use periodical indexes and abstracts to find citations to articles. The indexes and abstracts may be in print or computer-based formats or both. Choose the indexes and format best suited to your particular topic; ask at the reference desk if you need help figuring out which index and format will be best. You can find periodical articles by the article author, title, or keyword by using the periodical indexes in the Library home page. If the full text is not linked in the index you are using, write down the citation from the index and search for the title of the periodical in the Cornell Library Classic Catalog. The catalog lists the print, microform, and electronic versions of periodicals at Cornell.

How to find and use periodical indexes at Cornell.

Watch on YouTube: How to read citations

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STEP 5: FIND INTERNET RESOURCES

SUMMARY: Use search engines. Check to see if your class has a bibliography or research guide created by librarians.

Finding Information on the Internet: A thorough tutorial from UC Berkeley.

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STEP 6: EVALUATE WHAT YOU FIND

SUMMARY: See How to Critically Analyze Information Sources and Distinguishing Scholarly from Non-Scholarly Periodicals: A Checklist of Criteria for suggestions on evaluating the authority and quality of the books and articles you located.
Watch on YouTube: Identifying scholarly journals    Identifying substantive news sources

If you have found too many or too few sources, you may need to narrow or broaden your topic. Check with a reference librarian or your instructor.

When you're ready to write, here is an annotated list of books to help you organize, format, and write your paper.

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STEP 7: CITE WHAT YOU FIND USING A STANDARD FORMAT

Give credit where credit is due; cite your sources.

Citing or documenting the sources used in your research serves two purposes, it gives proper credit to the authors of the materials used, and it allows those who are reading your work to duplicate your research and locate the sources that you have listed as references.

Knowingly representing the work of others as your own is plagarism. (See Cornell's Code of Academic Integrity). Use one of the styles listed below or another style approved by your instructor. Handouts summarizing the APA and MLA styles are available at Uris and Olin Reference.

Available online:

RefWorks is a web-based program that allows you to easily collect, manage, and organize bibliographic references by interfacing with databases. RefWorks also interfaces directly with Word, making it easy to import references and incorporate them into your writing, properly formatted according to the style of your choice.

• See our guide to citation tools and styles.

• Format the citations in your bibliography using examples from the following Library help pages: Modern Language Association (MLA) examples and American Psychological Association (APA) examples.

  Style guides in print (book) format:

  • MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: MLA, 2009.
    (Olin Reference LB 2369 .G53 2009 [shelved at the reference desk]; also Uris Reference, others)

    This handbook is based on the MLA Style Manual (Olin and Uris Ref PN 147 .G444x 1998) and is intended as an aid for college students writing research papers. Included here is information on selecting a topic, researching the topic, note taking, the writing of footnotes and bibliographies, as well as sample pages of a research paper. Useful for the beginning researcher.

  • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 6th ed. Washington: APA, 2010. (Olin Reference BF 76.7 .P83 2010 [shelved at the reference desk]; also Uris Reference, Mann Reference, others)

    The authoritative style manual for anyone writing in the field of psychology. Useful for the social sciences generally. Chapters discuss the content and organization of a manuscript, writing style, the American Psychological Association citation style, and typing, mailing and proofreading.

  • If you are writing an annotated bibliography, see How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography.

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RESEARCH TIPS:

WORK FROM THE GENERAL TO THE SPECIFIC.

Find background information first, then use more specific and recent sources.

RECORD WHAT YOU FIND AND WHERE YOU FOUND IT.

Record the complete citation for each source you find; you may need it again later.

TRANSLATE YOUR TOPIC INTO THE SUBJECT LANGUAGE OF THE INDEXES AND CATALOGS YOU USE.

Check your topic words against a thesaurus or subject heading list.

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